[Current status and research advances on catheter-associated urinary tract infection in burn patients].

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the common nosocomial infections in burn patients. It not only extends the length of hospital stay of patients, increases the economic burden on family and society, but also seriously affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients, increases the risk of death of patients. In this paper, the epidemiological characteristics, influencing factors, and prevention measures of CAUTI in burn patients are reviewed to draw high attention of clinical medical staff and to provide some reference for clinical practice.

[Impact of nucleosides analogues and nucleotide analogues on the outcomes related to chronic hepatitis B based on non-antiviral effects].

Nucleoside analogues and nucleotide analogues can not only achieve long-term viral suppression in the treatment of most CHB patients but also have a positive impact on other CHB therapeutic goals and an improved prognosis. A certain difference can be observed in the impact of nucleotide analogues such as TDF and TAF and nucleoside analogues such as ETV on the clinical outcomes of CHB. Studies on the mechanism of action indicate that apart from inhibiting the direct antiviral effects of HBV reverse transcriptase, these two categories of drugs exhibit distinct impacts on immune-related signaling pathways, gene expression, genome stability, and other non-antiviral mechanisms. This article reviews the evidence on the potential non-antiviral mechanism of action of nucleoside analogues and nucleotide analogues and proposes a preliminary explanation for the observation trend of nucleotide analogues having a comparative advantage in clinical outcomes in CHB patients based on the latest research advancement.

[Bendamustine monotherapy for Chinese patient treatment with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase â ¡, prospective, multicenter, single-arm study].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bendamustine monotherapy in Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) . Methods: This prospective, multicenter, open label, single-arm, phase Ⅱ study investigated bendamustine's efficacy and safety in Chinese patients with R/R B-NHL. A total of 78 patients with B-NHL in 11 hospitals in China from March 2012 to December 2016 were included, and their clinical characteristics, efficacy, and survival were analyzed. Results: The median age of all patients was 58 (range, 24-76) years old, and 69 (88.4% ) patients had stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ disease. 61 (78.2% ) patients were refractory to previous treatments. Patients received a median of 4 (range, 1-10) cycles of bendamustine treatment. The overall response rate was 61.5 (95% CI 49.8-72.3) % , the median response duration was 8.3 (95% CI 5.5-14.0) months, and the complete remission (CR) rate was 5.1 (95% CI 1.4-12.6) % . In the full analysis set, median progression-free survival (PFS) and median OS were 8.7 (95% CI 6.7-13.2) months and 25.5 months (95% CI 14.2 months to not reached) , respectively, after a median follow-up of 33.6 (95% CI 17.4-38.8) months. Lymphopenia (74.4% ) , neutropenia (52.6% ) , and leukopenia (39.7% ) , thrombocytopenia (29.5% ) and anemia (15.4% ) were the most common grade 3-4 hematologic adverse events (AE) . The most frequent non-hematologic AEs included nausea (43.6% ) , vomiting (33.3% ) , and anorexia (29.5% ) . Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that <4 cycles of bendamustine treatment was a poor prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.003) , and failure to accept fludarabine containing regimen was a poor prognostic factor for OS (P=0.009) . Conclusion: Bendamustine monotherapy has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of patient with R/R B-NHL.

[Analysis on the HIV-1 molecular transmission characteristics of newly confirmed HIV/AIDS in Jiaxing city, 2017-2018].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between infection and transmission of HIV/AIDS, explore the characteristics of the HIV-1 transmission network, and provide evidence for formulating targeted prevention and control measures. Methods: The newly confirmed HIV/AIDS in Jiaxing from 2017 to 2018 were selected for the study. The sociodemographic and infection transmission-related information was gathered. The blood samples were collected and RNA was extracted, RT-PCR and nested PCR amplified the pol gene of HIV-1. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by Mega 6.0 software for subtype analysis. The genetic distance between strains was calculated, and the molecular transmission network was drawn by using Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. The results of the epidemiological study based on the molecular transmission network were analyzed. Results: There were fifteen HIV-1 gene subtypes in 517 cases of HIV/AIDS. The main subtypes were CRF01_AE (37.1%)、CRF07_BC (36.2%) and CRF08_BC (11.8%). Under the 1.0% gene distance threshold, 87 molecular clusters were established, and the total clustering rate was 45.8% (237/517). The cluster risk factors were 60-81 age group (compared with 14-24 age group, OR=2.690, 95%CI:1.058-6.844), married (compared with unmarried, OR=1.698, 95%CI:1.003-2.875), CRF07_BC subtype (compared with CRF01_AE, OR=2.203, 95%CI:1.426-3.404). The largest molecular cluster, CRF07_BC-1, consisted of 50 cases (including 21 cases confirmed in 2017 cases and 29 confirmed in 2018). Multivariate analysis showed that characteristics of unmarried (compared with married, OR=2.482, 95%CI:1.140-5.402), gays (compared with heterosexual, OR=3.163, 95%CI:1.543-6.483), cases with high-risk transmission (compared with other cases, OR=7.631, 95%CI:1.783-32.654), confirmed in Nanhu and Pinghu districts of Jiaxing (compared with other districts, OR=2.225, 95%CI:1.074-4.608) were risks for entering the largest molecular cluster. There were seven suspected high-risk transmission MSM in the largest molecular cluster. The first debut of homosexual behavior was from 2010 to 2018, and the median number of gay partners was 20 (P25, P75：10, 100) within two years before being diagnosed. Six reported a recent history of looking for gay partners in an MSM dating place in Nanhu district. Conclusions: The HIV-1 subtypes of newly confirmed HIV/AIDS were diverse, mainly sporadic in Jiaxing from 2017 to 2018. There were geographical aggregation characteristics and suspected some high-risk transmission cases, suggesting that rapid transmission and targeted intensive intervention are needed.

Effect of build direction dependent grain structure on fatigue crack growth of biomedical Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion.

Biomedical Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy is one of the alloys that are suitable for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing and as an implant material is often used in situations of critical and cyclic loading. Thus, fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviour and resistance of the alloy processed by LPBF are an important consideration for dental and orthopaedic applications. In this study, FCG testing has been conducted to evaluate how build direction (BD) dependent grain/cell structure in relation to crack growth direction (CD), either CD⊥BD or CD//BD, affects FCG behaviour. It has been found that the threshold stress intensity factor (ΔKTh) value is significantly higher and the values of c and m in Paris equation are slightly lower for CD//BD samples than the values for CD⊥BD samples, respectively. Failure analysis has revealed that the effects of the commonly known defect, lack of fusion, on both ΔKTh and FCG rate are weak. It has been identified that crack has mainly propagated in a transgranular and transcellular manner, consistent with the observation of the crack path being more torturous and with the higher crack growth resistance determined in CD//BD samples than in CD⊥BD samples. This will be further discussed linking the difference in the size of crack segment, which is BD and thus grain/cell length dependent, to the roughness-induced crack closure mechanism.

[Epidemiological analysis and screening mode of breast cancer screening in Fujian province from 2015 to 2018].

Objective: To analyze the screening results of breast cancer in rural women in Fujian Province from 2015 to 2018, and to explore the screening mode of breast cancer. Methods: Breast cancer screening was provided for 35-64 years old rural women in Fujian province. Color Doppler ultrasound was used as the primary screening method. Suspected patients were referred to mammography. Color Doppler ultrasound and breast X -ray 4-5 grade were diagnosed by pathology. Results: The incidence of breast cancer from 2015 to 2018 was 56.96/10 million, 94.41/10 million, 71.61/10 million, and 73.05/10 million, respectively. And the peak age of breast cancer was (46-55) years. From 2015 to 2018, the proportion of cancer in situ showed an overall upward trend. The sensitivity of color Doppler ultrasound was 79.06%, and the sensitivity of mammography for those diagnosed abnormally by ultrasound was 91.88%. Conclusion: Breast cancer screening for women of the right age is an important measure to raise the rate of early diagnosis and early treatment and reduce the mortality of breast cancer. Screening mode based on breast ultrasound is the most suitable technology. We need to further expand the coverage of screening, improve the screening system and process, and ensure the health of women.

Understanding electro-catalysis by using density functional theory.

The rapid development of catalysts requires a deep understanding of catalytic mechanisms. Since the experimental results have fallen short of the expectation of the optimal catalyst, the density functional theory (DFT) can provide invaluable mechanistic insights and predict promising catalysts. In this perspective, we briefly summarized the advantages of DFT in atomic and electronic structures for understanding electro-catalysis. Some achievements of DFT calculations were reviewed through some examples of the considered catalytic reactions (hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and CO2 reduction reaction). Finally, we highlighted and analyzed the opportunities and challenges in DFT calculations used for electro-catalysis. On the road towards an optimal catalyst, the design of catalysts fused with DFT calculations promises rapid advances in the coming years.

LncRNA HOTAIR inhibited osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by regulating Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate whether HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) can participate in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by regulating the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, thereby participating in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We detected the expression level of HOTAIR in 60 osteoporosis patients and 60 normal controls by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Meanwhile, BMSCs derived from human or rats were subjected to determination of HOTAIR level. Subsequently, the effects of HOTAIR on osteogenic differentiation were evaluated by the activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, ALP staining and osteogenic-specific gene expression. The expression level of proteins related to the Wnt/ß-catenin was determined by Western blot, and ALP activity was detected by ALP activity determination kit and alizarin red staining after knockdown or overexpression of HOTAIR, as well as the treatment of DKK1 or the Wnt pathway antagonist. Finally, osteoporosis model in rats was established by ovariectomy (OVX). We examined protein levels of HOTAIR, ß-catenin, CyclinD, C-myc, and Runx2 in rat bone tissues. Bone morphology was observed in each group as well. RESULTS: The serum and BMSCs levels of HOTAIR in patients with osteoporosis were remarkably higher than that in normal people. Inhibition of HOTAIR induced increased ALP activity increased osteogenic marker genes and enhanced number of calcified nodules in BMSCs. However, the overexpression of HOTAIR exhibited the opposite effects. HOTAIR inhibited the expression level of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway-related protein. Also, Wnt pathway antagonist DKK1 partially reversed the regulatory effects of HOTAIR on Wnt/ß-catenin. DKK1 treatment markedly reduced the promotive effect of HOTAIR knockdown on ALP activity, ALP content and calcification ability of BMSCs. DKK1 administration in rats undergoing OVX showed worse bone morphology relative to controls. Protein levels of HOTAIR, ß-catenin, CyclinD, C-myc and Runx2 remarkably downregulated in OVX rats administrated with DKK1. CONCLUSIONS: HOTAIR inhibits osteoblast differentiation of rat BMSCs. The underlying mechanism of which may be related to the mediation of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.

Co-receptor tropism and genetic characteristics of the V3 regions in variants of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infected subjects.

Co-receptor tropism has been identified to correlate with HIV-1 transmission and the disease progression in patients. A molecular epidemiology investigation of co-receptor tropism is important for clinical practice and effective control of HIV-1. In this study, we investigated the co-receptor tropism on HIV-1 variants of 85 antiretroviral-naive patients with Geno2pheno algorithm at a false-positive rate of 10%. Our data showed that a majority of the subjects harboured the CCR5-tropic virus (81.2%, 69/85). No significant differences in gender, age, baseline CD4+ T-cell counts and transmission routes were observed between subjects infected with CXCR4-tropic or CCR5-tropic virus. The co-receptor tropism appeared to be associated with the virus genotype; a significantly more CXCR4-use was predicted in CRF01_AE infections whereas all CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC were predicted to use CCR5 co-receptor. Sequences analysis of V3 revealed a higher median net charge in the CXCR4 viruses over CCR5 viruses (4.0 vs. 3.0, P < 0.05). The predicted N-linked glycosylation site between amino acids 6 and 8 in the V3 region was conserved in CCR5 viruses, but not in CXCR4 viruses. Besides, variable crown motifs were observed in both CCR5 and CXCR4 viruses, of which the most prevalent motif GPGQ existed in both viral tropism and almost all genotypes identified in this study except subtype B. These findings may offer important implications for clinical practice and enhance our understanding of HIV-1 biology.

A selection method of chickens with blue-eggshell and dwarf traits by molecular marker-assisted selection.

The blue-eggshell and dwarf traits have an important economic value in poultry production. Using a genetic aggregation-based strategy, the molecular marker-assisted selection technology was jointly used to provide a rapid breeding method for pure strain chickens simultaneously with hens exhibiting the blue-eggshell and dwarf traits. Overall, 80 male dwarf chickens and 1,000 hybrid blue-eggshell hens (F0) were used for the hybridization experiment. Subsequently, the crossing of F1 or F2 chicks was performed in succession. The F1 and F2 chicks were respectively detected by the joint molecular markers of the solute carrier organic anion transporter family, namely, 1B3 (SLCO1B3) and the growth hormone receptor (GHR) genes, which relate to blue-eggshell and dwarf traits. Meanwhile, the selection of blue-eggshell and dwarf phenotypes was used to validate the data obtained by the molecular markers. The results showed that F1 chicks included the heterozygous and wild-type of SLCO1B3, as well as the homozygous (hens) and heterozygous (roosters) of GHR. However, F2 chicks included 3 different genotypes of both SLCO1B3 and GHR. Ultimately, 196 F1 roosters (concurrently with heterozygous genotype of SLCO1B3 and GHR) and 1,073 F1 hens (concurrently with heterozygous genotype of SLCO1B3 and homozygous genotype of GHR) were obtained from the initial 10,040 F1 chicks. Further, 27 F2 roosters and 345 F2 hens, which simultaneously carried the homozygous genotype of SLCO1B3 and GHR, were screened from the initial 6,000 F2 chicks. Data obtained on the blue-eggshell and dwarf phenotypes were consistent with the results by molecular markers. Similarly, the purity verification of the strain obtained through 2 crossing experiments (F0♂ × F2♀ and F2♂ × F2♀) revealed that all chickens had the blue-eggshell and dwarf traits, supporting that the obtained F2 strain was pure. In summary, for the first time, we successfully bred a pure strain chicken with blue-eggshell and dwarf traits by jointly using the molecular markers of the SLCO1B3 and GHR genes. Our study provides a new method for the rapid cultivation of new chicken strains.

Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed lncRNA in sporadic parathyroid tumors.

Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma on histological examination is challenging. Thousands of differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified on the microarray data between parathyroid cancer and adenoma samples. Four lncRNAs were significantly dysregulated in further validation. The "lncRNA score" calculated from these lncRNAs differentiated parathyroid carcinomas from adenomas. LncRNAs serve as biomarkers for parathyroid cancer diagnosis. INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) on histological examination is challenging. LncRNA profile study was conducted to find diagnostic biomarkers for PC. METHODS: LncRNA arrays containing 91,007 lncRNAs as well as 29,857 mRNAs were used to assess parathyroid specimen (5 carcinomas and 6 adenomas). Bioinformatics analyses were also conducted to compare the microarray results between parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas (PAs). Differentially expressed lncRNAs of 11 PCs and 31 PAs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: On the microarray data between PC and PA samples (fold change ≥ 2, P < 0.05), 1809 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 1349 mRNAs also were identified. All carcinomas were clustered in the same group by clustering analysis using dysregulated lncRNAs or mRNAs. Four lncRNAs (LINC00959, lnc-FLT3-2:2, lnc-FEZF2-9:2, and lnc-RP11-1035H13.3.1-2:1) identified were significantly dysregulated in further RT-PCR validation. The global "lncRNA score" calculated from the lncRNAs above also differentiated parathyroid carcinomas from adenomas. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA profiling shows distinct differentially expressed lncRNAs in parathyroid neoplasm. They may play a key role in parathyroid cancer and serve as potential biomarkers to distinguish parathyroid cancers from parathyroid adenomas.

[Therapeutic effect of low-temperature radiofrequency coblation on early-stage laryngeal cancer].

Objective: To evaluate the safety,efficacy and prognosis of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency coblation for early-stage laryngeal cancer(Tis, T1 and T2). Method: A retrospective analysis of 202 patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer who underwent the low-temperature radiofrequency coblation surgery, including 34 cases of Tis(16.83%), 49 cases of stage T1aN0M0(24.26%), 50 cases of stage T1bN0M0(24.75%) and 69 cases of stage T2N0M0(34.16%). Surgical patients were followed up closely for 6 to 60 months, with a median follow-up of 29 months. Result: Of the 202 patients,165(81.68%) had no recurrence and achieved good surgical results. None of them suffered severe complications such as post-operative hemorrhage and asphyxia. 37 cases(18.32%) had recurrence, including 1 case(0.50%) in stage Tis, 7 cases(3.47%) in stage T1a,7 cases(3.47%) in stage T1b, and 22 cases(10.89%) in stage T2. Thirteen patients who had recurrence underwent total laryngectomy(5 of which had a recurrence of T3 and 8 of which progressed to T4), including 1 in the stage T1a,2 in the stage T1b, and 10 in the stage T2. Vertical hemilaryngectomy were performed in 4 cases, 3 cases of stage T1a and 1 case of stage T2; 5 cases underwent plasma radiofrequency coblation again, including 3 cases of stage T1b and 2 cases of stage T2,no recurrence was found in all the patients; 1 patient had no obvious recurrence in the larynx but had cervical lymph node metastasis, radical neck dissection was performed; 1 patient with stage T2 recurrence was treated with a tracheotomy to relieve laryngeal obstruction without further treatment;3 cases showed improvement by radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment after recurrence; 9 death cases,5 patients died after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and 4 patients stopped getting treatment after recurrence.Conclusion: Low-temperature radiofrequency coblation surgery for patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer has great advantages in the preservation of laryngeal function and reduction of surgical trauma after surgery compared with traditional surgical method, and can obtain satisfactory results, but the selection of surgical indications for some patients with clinical stage T2 is still need to be carefully considered..

Research on the expression of MRNA-518b in the pathogenesis of placenta accreta.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of micro ribonucleic acid miR-518b and its regulatory role in the pathogenesis of placenta accreta. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 50 parturient women in the Obstetric Department were collected and divided into observation group (placenta accreta, n=23) and control group (normal placenta, n=27). After the placental tissues were removed via surgery, the expressions of osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected using the immunohistochemical method. The relative expression levels of OPN and VEGF proteins were detected via Western blotting, and the relative expression levels of OPN messenger RNA (mRNA), VEGF mRNA and miR-518b were detected via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Moreover, the correlations of miR-518b with OPN mRNA and VEGF mRNA were studied via Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: Compared with those in control group, the expressions of OPN and VEGF proteins in observation group were significantly increased, while the levels of OPN mRNA, VEGF mRNA and miR-518b in observation group were also significantly elevated (p<0.05). There were positive correlations between miR-518b and levels of OPN, VEGF mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: The high expression of miR-518b may lead to the development of placenta accreta through upregulating the transcription and protein expression of downstream VEGF and OPN, providing insights for the future therapy against the pathogenesis of placenta accreta.

[Using of ¹8F-FDG to evaluate the effect of traumatic olfactory nerve injury on drug delivery through the nasal-brain pathway: a PET-MRI pilot study].

Objective:This study evaluated the effect of traumatic olfactory nerve injury on drug delivery through the nasal-brain pathway via the instillation of ¹8F-FDG at the olfactory cleft. Method:Seven healthy volunteers and 5 patients with traumatic dysosmia were enrolled in the study. Subjects were all instilled with ¹8F-FDG on each side of the olfactory cleft under endoscopy. After 12 hours, a PET/MR scan was performed to track the metabolism pathway of ¹8F-FDG. Then, we compared the diameter of the olfactory bulb and the olfactory bulb intake between normal volunteers and patients with traumatic olfactory disorders. Result:In healthy volunteers, there was a significant difference in ¹8F-FDG uptake between the regions of interest in which ¹8F-FDG was or was not in contact with the cribriform plate（P=0.012 7）; this difference also existed in patients with traumatic olfactory disorders（P=0.038 1）. Patients with traumatic olfactory disorders did not exhibit significant differences in ¹8F-FDG uptake in the region of interest compared with healthy volunteers（P=0.937 2）. Conclusion:The olfactory bulb is obviously atrophied in patients with traumatic olfactory dysfunction, and the uptake of ¹8F-FDG in the olfactory bulb region of interest is also reduced. The administration of ¹8F-FDG via olfactory fissure area can enter olfactory bulb and parafrontal tissues through the nasal brain pathway,¹8F-FDG can enter the central nervous system through the nasal-brain pathway, which is not affected by olfactory nerve transection injury.